Browse

The Virtual University, Pakistan’s first University based completely on modern Information and Communication Technologies, was established by the Government as a public sector, not-for-profit institution with a clear mission: to provide extremely affordable world class education to aspiring students all over the country.

Using free-to-air satellite television broadcasts and the Internet, the Virtual University allows students to follow its rigorous programs regardless of their physical locations. It thus aims at alleviating the lack of capacity in the existing universities while simultaneously tackling the acute shortage of qualified professors in the country. By identifying the top Professors of the country, regardless of their institutional affiliations, and requesting them to develop and deliver hand-crafted courses, the Virtual University aims at providing the very best courses to not only its own students but also to students of all other universities in the country.

MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE POULTRY FEED IN PAKISTAN

Download

Author: TOOBA IRAM


Citable URI : https://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=175

Publisher : Virtual University

Date Issued: 2/15/2019 12:00:00 AM


Abstract

Poultry feed samples (Chick feed, Broiler feed, Layer feed and Grower feed) collected from different areas of Pakistan were evaluated for bacterial and fungal contamination. Total Viable count, Total coliform count, Total Staphylococcus Count and Total Salmonella and Shigella count was done. Isolated colonies were identified by Morphological, Biochemical (Gram stain, Catalase, Oxidase and Sugar Fermentation Test) and Molecular (16S rRNA gene) means. Bacteria belonging to seven different genera were isolated. Percentage of positive samples found for each isolate was: Bacillus (100%), Salmonella (10%), Shigella (15%), Staphylococcus (100%), Enterobacter cloacae (5%), Escherichia (90%) and Ralstonia (15%) were isolated from feed samples. The highest contamination was found in chick feed and Total Viable Count (TVC) obtained in chick feed (S1) was 9.1?108 CFU/g. Total coliform count (TCC) was found in the range of 0 - 3?108 CFU/g. Total Salmonella count is found to be in the range of 3.5x106 - 3.52?106 CFU/g and total Shigella count was found to be 1.32?105 - 6?105 CFU/g. Highest Staphylococcus count was 4.9x108 CFU/g. Isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus.


URI : https://vspace.vu.edu.pk/details.aspx?id=175

Citation: Iram, Tooba.(2018). MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE POULTRY FEED IN PAKISTAN. Virtual University of Pakistan.(Lahore, Pakistan).

Version : Final Version

Terms of Use :

Detailed Terms :

Journal :

Files in this item

Name Size Format
Spring 2018_ZOO720_ms150400022.pdf 1665kb pdf


Copyright 2016 © Virtual University of Pakistan